Not only is there a real shortage of living space in Germany today, people were also struggling with similar problems more than 100 years ago: At that time, about every third tenant in Berlin moved again after a year at the latest, because the workers, especially during the industrialization of the late 19th century. lived in insecure conditions for centuries. During this time, the cities grew so rapidly that there was a lack of living space everywhere - owning property was unthinkable at the time. For the people, the only option was renting.
As a result of this need, a strong tradition of renting developed in the cities, which still characterizes living behavior in Germany today. Every second person in Germany still lives for rent. If you compare this result internationally, it can be seen that this is a high proportion. In southern Europe, on the other hand, three quarters of the apartments are privately owned.
1920s: "Golden Age of Housing Policy"
But not only was there a lack of sufficient living space during industrialization, but the housing shortage was still great after the First World War. At that time, numerous initiatives arose thanks to the democratic organization of the state. To this day, the 1920s are considered the “golden age” of housing policy. During this time, new settlement forms were developed in which ideas of better houses were to be realized: light, air and sun were to determine residential architecture from then on.
New financing concepts were also implemented at this time in order to be able to build the major projects. As a result, there were already 4,000 cooperatives in Germany by the mid-1920s. They often built new settlements without government support, since they were based on the idea of non-profit.
Reconstruction in East and West
Over 500,000 apartments were completed in Germany at the beginning of the 1950s. The majority of these were built as part of publicly subsidized housing construction. However, after the division of Germany, housing policy developed in opposite directions in the two German states:
In the GDR, residential and urban construction was defined as part of the state planned economy. At that time, apartments were only available by allocation.
While property owners were expropriated in the GDR, private property was given absolute priority in housing policy in the FRG.
Since industrialization, solutions to the housing shortage have been a high-ranking socio-political issue that is still the subject of controversial discussion today. Because when it comes to housing, it is always primarily about the extent to which politics intervenes in the housing market.
Today's life in the big cities
Even today, more and more people are being drawn to the economically strong cities: According to the Federal Statistical Office, the proportion of one-person households has doubled from 20 to 40 percent in recent years. Accordingly, there is also a lack of sufficient living space!
According to the calculations of the German Tenants' Association (DMB), an estimated 250,000 apartments are needed in the metropolitan areas today
On the other hand, in other regions of Germany, for example in cities such as Essen, Bochum or Chemnitz and Leipzig, apartments are empty because the number of inhabitants is falling.
external link to the article:
news.immobilo.de/2015/01/09